See โทสะ on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "masculine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pi-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "โทโส",
"roman": "doso",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "โทสา",
"roman": "dosā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "โทสัง",
"roman": "dosaṃ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "โทเส",
"roman": "dose",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "โทเสนะ",
"roman": "dosena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "โทเสหิ",
"roman": "dosehi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "โทเสภิ",
"roman": "dosebhi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "โทสัสสะ",
"roman": "dosassa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "โทสายะ",
"roman": "dosāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "โทสัตถัง",
"roman": "dosatthaṃ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "โทสานัง",
"roman": "dosānaṃ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "โทสัสมา",
"roman": "dosasmā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "โทสัมหา",
"roman": "dosamhā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "โทสา",
"roman": "dosā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "โทเสหิ",
"roman": "dosehi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "โทเสภิ",
"roman": "dosebhi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "โทสัสสะ",
"roman": "dosassa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "โทสานัง",
"roman": "dosānaṃ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "โทสัสมิง",
"roman": "dosasmiṃ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "โทสัมหิ",
"roman": "dosamhi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "โทเส",
"roman": "dose",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "โทเสสุ",
"roman": "dosesu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "โทสะ",
"roman": "dosa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "โทสา",
"roman": "dosā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "โทสะ m",
"name": "pi-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "pi-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Pali",
"lang_code": "pi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pali entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pali terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Thai script (without implicit vowels) form of dosa (“fault”)"
],
"id": "en-โทสะ-pi-noun-P1VPPVyh",
"links": [
[
"dosa",
"dosa#Pali"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "โทสะ"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "pi",
"3": "dosa",
"gloss": "defect; demerit; fault; flaw; mistake; offence; wrong"
},
"expansion": "Pali dosa (“defect; demerit; fault; flaw; mistake; offence; wrong”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ទោសៈ",
"gloss": "anger; hatred; violence"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ទោសៈ (toosaʼ, “anger; hatred; violence”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "दोष",
"gloss": "defect; demerit; fault; flaw; mistake; offence; wrong"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit दोष (doṣa, “defect; demerit; fault; flaw; mistake; offence; wrong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "โทษ",
"gloss": "penalty; punishment; etc"
},
"expansion": "Thai โทษ (tôot, “penalty; punishment; etc”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Pali dosa (“defect; demerit; fault; flaw; mistake; offence; wrong”). Compare Modern Khmer ទោសៈ (toosaʼ, “anger; hatred; violence”). And Compare Sanskrit दोष (doṣa, “defect; demerit; fault; flaw; mistake; offence; wrong”), from which Thai โทษ (tôot, “penalty; punishment; etc”) was derived.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "too-sà",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "โทสะ • (too-sà)",
"name": "th-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "th",
"name": "Anger",
"orig": "th:Anger",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ดาลโทสะ"
},
{
"word": "โทสจริต"
},
{
"word": "โทสาคติ"
},
{
"word": "บันดาลโทสะ"
},
{
"word": "ลุแก่โทสะ"
},
{
"word": "ลุโทสะ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"anger; fury; rage; madness."
],
"id": "en-โทสะ-th-noun-HceCLA9s",
"links": [
[
"anger",
"anger"
],
[
"fury",
"fury"
],
[
"rage",
"rage"
],
[
"madness",
"madness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(formal) anger; fury; rage; madness."
],
"tags": [
"formal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tʰoː˧.saʔ˨˩/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"word": "โทสะ"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "masculine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pi-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "โทโส",
"roman": "doso",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "โทสา",
"roman": "dosā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "โทสัง",
"roman": "dosaṃ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "โทเส",
"roman": "dose",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "โทเสนะ",
"roman": "dosena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "โทเสหิ",
"roman": "dosehi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "โทเสภิ",
"roman": "dosebhi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "โทสัสสะ",
"roman": "dosassa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "โทสายะ",
"roman": "dosāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "โทสัตถัง",
"roman": "dosatthaṃ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "โทสานัง",
"roman": "dosānaṃ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "โทสัสมา",
"roman": "dosasmā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "โทสัมหา",
"roman": "dosamhā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "โทสา",
"roman": "dosā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "โทเสหิ",
"roman": "dosehi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "โทเสภิ",
"roman": "dosebhi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "โทสัสสะ",
"roman": "dosassa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "โทสานัง",
"roman": "dosānaṃ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "โทสัสมิง",
"roman": "dosasmiṃ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "โทสัมหิ",
"roman": "dosamhi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "โทเส",
"roman": "dose",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "โทเสสุ",
"roman": "dosesu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "โทสะ",
"roman": "dosa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "โทสา",
"roman": "dosā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "โทสะ m",
"name": "pi-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "pi-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Pali",
"lang_code": "pi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pali entries with incorrect language header",
"Pali lemmas",
"Pali masculine nouns",
"Pali nouns",
"Pali nouns in Thai script",
"Pali terms with redundant transliterations",
"Thai script"
],
"glosses": [
"Thai script (without implicit vowels) form of dosa (“fault”)"
],
"links": [
[
"dosa",
"dosa#Pali"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "โทสะ"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "ดาลโทสะ"
},
{
"word": "โทสจริต"
},
{
"word": "โทสาคติ"
},
{
"word": "บันดาลโทสะ"
},
{
"word": "ลุแก่โทสะ"
},
{
"word": "ลุโทสะ"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "pi",
"3": "dosa",
"gloss": "defect; demerit; fault; flaw; mistake; offence; wrong"
},
"expansion": "Pali dosa (“defect; demerit; fault; flaw; mistake; offence; wrong”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ទោសៈ",
"gloss": "anger; hatred; violence"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ទោសៈ (toosaʼ, “anger; hatred; violence”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "दोष",
"gloss": "defect; demerit; fault; flaw; mistake; offence; wrong"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit दोष (doṣa, “defect; demerit; fault; flaw; mistake; offence; wrong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "โทษ",
"gloss": "penalty; punishment; etc"
},
"expansion": "Thai โทษ (tôot, “penalty; punishment; etc”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Pali dosa (“defect; demerit; fault; flaw; mistake; offence; wrong”). Compare Modern Khmer ទោសៈ (toosaʼ, “anger; hatred; violence”). And Compare Sanskrit दोष (doṣa, “defect; demerit; fault; flaw; mistake; offence; wrong”), from which Thai โทษ (tôot, “penalty; punishment; etc”) was derived.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "too-sà",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "โทสะ • (too-sà)",
"name": "th-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Thai/aʔ",
"Thai 2-syllable words",
"Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"Thai formal terms",
"Thai lemmas",
"Thai nouns",
"Thai terms borrowed from Pali",
"Thai terms derived from Pali",
"Thai terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"th:Anger"
],
"glosses": [
"anger; fury; rage; madness."
],
"links": [
[
"anger",
"anger"
],
[
"fury",
"fury"
],
[
"rage",
"rage"
],
[
"madness",
"madness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(formal) anger; fury; rage; madness."
],
"tags": [
"formal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tʰoː˧.saʔ˨˩/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"word": "โทสะ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for โทสะ meaning in All languages combined (5.6kB)
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"called_from": "inflection/2466",
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"path": [
"โทสะ"
],
"section": "Pali",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "โทสะ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Pali]; cleaned text: Accusative (second)",
"path": [
"โทสะ"
],
"section": "Pali",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "โทสะ",
"trace": ""
}
{
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"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Pali]; cleaned text: Instrumental (third)",
"path": [
"โทสะ"
],
"section": "Pali",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "โทสะ",
"trace": ""
}
{
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"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Pali]; cleaned text: Dative (fourth)",
"path": [
"โทสะ"
],
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"subsection": "noun",
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{
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"path": [
"โทสะ"
],
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"subsection": "noun",
"title": "โทสะ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Pali]; cleaned text: Genitive (sixth)",
"path": [
"โทสะ"
],
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}
{
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"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Pali]; cleaned text: Locative (seventh)",
"path": [
"โทสะ"
],
"section": "Pali",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "โทสะ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Pali]; cleaned text: Vocative (calling)",
"path": [
"โทสะ"
],
"section": "Pali",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "โทสะ",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.